Alternatywny system komunikacji grupowej

Patykos

Jeśli, macie coś co pomogło by innym w nauce, tu jest na to miejsce...

Oleńka

To czym sie zajmowalam w tym tygodniu, jak miałam już dość psychologii i remontu w domu:
Unit 44 "Work"
director member of the board of the company
executive important person who makes big decision
administrator person who runs the office day-to-day
clerk ordinary office worker
skilled worker person trained to do specific tasks, e.g. building a computer
unskilled worker person who do a ob tha tneeds no training
labourer person who does hard, physical job
receptionist person who visitors must check in with
public relations officer person who gives information to the press, Tv, etc. about the company
safety officer person who makes sure machines, etc. are not dangerous to use
security officer person who makes sure thieves/criminals cannot enter
union representative person who looks after the staff interests
economist expert in financial matters
personnel officer person who takes care for administration for new and existing employees
sales assistant person who sells goods to the public
education officer person who organises training, classes, etc. for employees
research-worker person who investigates and developes new products
supervisor person who makes sure workers are doing their job properly
profession job that require considerable training and/or other qualifications
trade skilled manual job requiring on-the-job and other training
lawyer someone whose job is to advise people about laws, write formal agreements, or represent people in court
dentist someone whose job is to treat people's teeth
hairdresser a person who cuts, washes, and arranges people's hair in particular styles
mechanic someone who is skilled at repairing motor vehicles and machinery
architect someone whose job is to design buildings
priest someone who is specially trained to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Christian church
farmer someone who owns or manages a farm
vet someone who is trained to give medical care and treatment to sick animals
librarian someone who works in a library
physiotherapist someone whose job is to give physiotherapy
child-minder someone who is paid to look after young children while their parents are at work
police officer a member of the police
accountant someone whose job is to keep and check financial accounts, calculate taxes etc
engineer someone whose job is to design or build roads, bridges, machines etc
scientist someone who works or is trained in science
chef a skilled cook, especially the main cook in a hotel or restaurant
firefighter someone whose job is to stop fires burning
civil servant someone employed in the civil service
tailor/dressmaker someone whose job is to make men's clothes, that are measured to fit each customer perfectly
designer someone whose job is to make plans or patterns for clothes, furniture, equipment etc
builder a person or a company that builds or repairs buildings
carpenter someone whose job is making and repairing wooden objects
plumber someone whose job is to repair water pipes, baths, toilets etc
do shift-work/work shifts work nights one week, days next week
be on flexi time have flexible working hours
work nine-to-five have regular day work
make a living as earn enough money to live confortable
go/be on strike be on industrial dispute
get the sack/be fired be thrown out of job
be made redundant/be laid off be thrown out because no longer needed
give up work not working for some time e.g. in order to study
be on/take maternity/paternity leave take free time of work before/after the birth of the baby
be on/take sick leave have time free of work because of illness
take early retirement retire earlier than usual
be a workaholic love working too much
be promoted get a higher position
apply for a job fill in forms etc. in order to get a job
cutback a reduction in something, such as the number of workers in a company or the amount of money a government or company spends

Unit 45 "Sport"
hang-gliding the sport of flying using a large frame covered with cloth that you hold on to and fly slowly through the air on, without an engine
windsurfing the sport of sailing across water by standing on a surfboard and holding on to a large sail attached to the surfboard
(ten-pin) bowling an indoor game in which you roll a large heavy ball along a wooden track in order to knock down a group of pins (=wooden objects shaped like bottles)
scuba-diving the sport of swimming under water while breathing through a tube that is connected to a container of air on your back
cross-country skiing the sport of skiing across countryside or fields
show-jumping a sport in which horses with riders have to jump a series of fences as quickly and skillfully as possible
fencing the sport of fighting with a long thin sword
billiars/pool/snooker a game played on a cloth-covered table in which balls are hit with a cue (=a long stick) against each other and into pockets at the edge of the table
motor-racing the sport of racing fast cars on a special track
archery the sport of shooting arrows from a bow
club a long thin metal stick used in golf to hit the ball
racket a specially shaped piece of wood or metal that you use for hitting the ball in games such as tennis, squash or badmington that has a circle filled with tight strings at one end
dart a small pointed object that is thrown or shot as a weapon, or one that is thrown in the game of darts
darts a game in which darts are thrown at a round board with numbers on it
bow a weapon used for shooting arrows, made of a long thin piece of wood held in a curve by a tight string
bat a long wooden stick with a special shape that is used in some sports and games, such as cricket or baseball
bat a round flat piece of wood with a handle, used to hit a ball in table tennis
stick a long specially shaped piece of wood, plastic etc that you use in some sports such as hockey to hit a ball
cue a long straight wooden stick used for hitting the ball in games such as billiards and pool
paddle a short pole that is wide and flat at the end, used for moving a small boat in water
conoeing the sport of travelling in a canoe
oar a long pole with a wide flat blade at one end, used for rowing a boat
rowing the sport or activity of making a boat move through water with oars
rod/line a long thin pole used with a line and hook for catching fish
discus the sport of throwing a heavy flat circular object
javelin a sports event in which competitors throw a long stick with a pointed end
high-jump a sports event in which someone runs and jumps over a bar that is raised higher each time they jump
long-jump a sport in which each competitor tries to jump further than anyone else
pole-vault the sport of jumping over a high bar using a long pole
sprinter someone who runs in fast races over short distances
relay a running or swimming race between two or more teams in which each member of the team takes part one after another
final leg be the last person of the team in relay race
long-distance runner somebody who runs on long distance
jogging the activity of running slowly and steadily as a way of exercising
athletics sports such as running and jumping
break a record to do something even faster or even better than the previous best time, amount etc
hold the record be a person who broke the record
breast-stroke a way of swimming in which you push your arms out and then bring them back in a circle towards you while bending your knees towards your body and then kicking out
beat/defeat to get the most points, votes etc in a game, race, or competition
score a point/goal get a point/goal
take up some sport start some sport
give up some sport stop doing some sport
canoeist somebody who is canoeing
mountaineer someone who climbs mountains as a sport
jockey someone who rides horses in races
archer someone who shoots arrows from a bow
gymnast someone who is good at gymnastics and competes against other people in gymnastic competitions
court an area made for playing games such as tennis
course an area of land or water where races are held, or an area of land designed for playing golf
ring a small square area surrounded by ropes, where people box or wrestle
pitch a marked out area of ground on which a sport as football, rugby or cricket is played
rink a specially prepared area of ice that you can skate on
alley a building where you go bowling or skitting
piste a snow-covered slope which has been prepared for people to ski down

Unit 46 "The arts"
sets scenery, builings, furniture on the stage or in the studio
costumes clothes the actors wear on stage
cast all the actors in the performance
direction the way the director had organised the performance
give a great performance play very well
get rave reviews get very enthusiastic comments
exhibition show of paintings, photographs, or other objects that people can go to see
publish to arrange for a book, magazine etc to be written, printed, and sold
edition the copies of a book, newspaper etc that are produced and printed at the same time
work something such as a painting, play, piece of music etc that is produced by a painter, writer, or musician
performance when someone performs a play or a piece of music
ceramics the art of making pots, bowls, tiles etc, by shaping pieces of clay and baking them until they are hard
be art lover love painting and sculpture

Bedę wdzieczna za wszelkie poprawki, komentarze i oczywiscie dodatkowe slowa. Z tego ostatniego jakoś tak mi mało wyszlo. Ale niezbyt widziałam sens tłumaczanie co to jest kino czy balet. A inne nie bardzo wiedzialam jak przetłumaczyć.
Pozdrawiam

Patykos

No Oleńka jesteś boska... ^^

Oleńka · Wysłany: Nie 1:31, 11 Mar 2007 Temat postu: Słówka

Hej
Oto kolejna lista słówek. Będę to miała też ze sobą jutro.
Unit 47 “Music”
Album – a recording of a selection of a songs/tracks/piece sof music on a CD or cassette
Hit singles – best selling songs issued individually
Lead singer – main singer in a band
Backing – the group proving the background music/vocals for the song
Instrumental music – music with no vocals
Electronic music – played by synthesizer
Orchestral music – played by orchestra
Chamber music – written for a small group of orchestral instruments
Blues - a slow sad style of music that came from the southern US
Heavy metal`- a type of rock music with a strong beat, played very loudly on electric guitars
Folk - a style of popular music in which people sing and play guitars, without any electronic equipment
Jazz - a type of music that has a strong beat and parts for performers to play alone
Soul`- a type of popular music that often expresses deep emotions, usually performed by black singers and musicians
Pop - modern music that is popular, especially with young people, and usually consists of simple tunes with a strong beat
Classical - music that is considered to be important and serious and that has a value that continues for a long time
Country/western – a style of US music based on western and southern folk music
Background music – music played in the background at restaurants etc
Dance music – laud music usually played at discos
Soundtrack - the recorded music from a film
Muzak/canned music/piped music – recorded, light music played continuously in public places
Live – unrecorded
Deafening – very loud
Loud - making a lot of noise
Rousing – music that makes people feel excited and eager to do something
Soft - quiet and pleasant to listen to
Sweet - pleasant to listen to
Innovative - new, different, and better than those that existed before
Tuneless - not having a pleasant tune
Discordant - unpleasant because it is made up of musical notes that do not go together well
Tuneful - pleasant to listen to
Soothing – making you feel calmer and less anxious, upset, or angry
Relaxing - making you feel relaxed
Peaceful – makes you feel calm
Modern music – music that uses styles that have been recently developed and are very different from traditional styles
Read music - to look at signs and understand what they mean
Good ear - the ability to learn music, copy sounds etc
Pick out - to recognize someone or something in a group of people or things
Pick out - to play a tune on a musical instrument slowly or with difficulty
Be a natural - to be good at doing something without having to try hard or practice
Play by ear - play a tune without looking at written music
Musical - good at or interested in playing or singing music
Write an arrangement/arrange - to write or change a piece of music so that it is suitable for a particular instrument
Whistle – make a sound by pushing air through your lips
Hum – sing with lips closed
Chords – several harmonizing notes played at the same time
Practice scales – practice sets of notes moving up and down in steps

Unit 48 “Food”
Beef – meat from a cow
Mutton – meat from a sheep
Venison – meat from a deer
Veal – meat from a calf
Pork – meat from a pig
Ham - the upper part of a pig's leg, or the meat from this that has been preserved with salt or smoke
Bacon - salted or smoked meat from the back or sides of a pig, often served in narrow thin pieces
Red meat – meat such as beef, lamb, mutton or venison
White meat – meat such as veal, pork, chicken or turkey
Poultry – meat from chicken, duck or turkey
Cod - a large sea fish that lives in the North Atlantic (dorsz)
Hake - a sea fish, used as food (morszczuk, dorsz?)
Plaice - a flat sea fish (flądra)
Mackerel - a sea fish that has oily flesh and a strong taste (makrela)
Herring - a long thin silver sea fish (śledź)
Sardine - a small young fish that is often packed in flat metal boxes when it is sold as food (sardynka)
Trout - a common river-fish (pstrąg)
Salmon - large fish with silver skin and pink flesh that lives in the sea but swims up rivers to lay its eggs (łosoś)
Prawns/shrimps - a small pink shellfish (krewetki)
Crab - a sea animal with a hard shell, five legs on each side, and two large claws (krab)
Lobster - a sea animal with eight legs, a shell, and two large claws (homar)
Crayfish - a small animal like a lobster that lives in rivers and streams (rak)
Squid - a sea creature with a long soft body and ten arms around its mouth (kałamarnica)
Cockles - a common European shellfish
Mussel - a small sea animal, with a soft body that can be eaten and a black shell that is divided into two parts (małża)
Oyster - a type of shellfish that can be eaten cooked or uncooked, and that produces a jewel called a pearl (ostryga)
Cabbage - a large round vegetable with thick green or purple leaves (kapusta)
Cauliflower - a vegetable with green leaves around a firm white centre (kalafior)
Broccoli - a green vegetable that has short branch-like stems (brokuły)
Spinach - a vegetable with large dark green leaves (szpinak)
Cucumber - a long thin round vegetable with a dark green skin and a light green inside, usually eaten raw (ogórek)
Leek - a vegetable with a long white stem and long flat green leaves, which tastes like an onion (por)
Mushroom - one of several kinds of fungus with stems and round tops, some of which can be eaten (pieczarki)
Courgette - a long vegetable with dark green skin (cukinia)
Aubergine - a large dark purple vegetable (bakłażan)
Curry – a mixture of spices such as cumin, cardamom, coriander, paprika, turmeric, ginger
Cumin - the seeds of a plant that have a sweet smell and are used especially in Mexican and Indian cooking (kminek)
Cardamom - the seeds of an Asian fruit, used to give a special taste to Indian and Middle Eastern food (kardamon)
Coriander - a herb, used especially in Asian and Mexican cooking (kolendra)
Paprika - a red powder made from a type of sweet pepper, used for giving a slightly hot taste to meat and other food (papryka)
Turmeric - a yellow powder used to give a special colour or taste to food (kurkuma)
Ginger - a root with a very strong hot taste, or the powder made from this root, that is used in cooking (imbir)
Cinnamon - a sweet-smelling brown substance used for giving a special taste to cakes and other sweet foods (cynamon)
Nutmeg - a brown powder made from the seed of a tropical tree, which is used as a spice (gałka muszkatołowa)
Parsley - a herb with curly leaves, used in cooking or as decoration on food (pietruszka)
Chives - the long thin green leaves of a plant with purple flowers (szczypiorek)
Rosemary - the narrow leaves of a bush, used as a herb (rozmaryn)
Tarragon - the leaves of a small European plant, used in cooking to give food a special taste (estragon)
Thyme - a plant used for giving food a special taste (tymianek)
Oregano - a plant used in cooking, especially in Italian cooking (oregano)
Sage - a herb with grey-green leaves (szałwia)
Mild – not spicy
Bland - boring and with not very much taste
Salty – a lot of salt
Sugary – a lot of sugar
Sickly – too much sugar
Savoury – pleasant, slightly salty or with herbs
Tasty – has a good taste/flavour
Greasy/oily – to much oil/fat
Over-cooked/overdone - cooked too much
Under-cooked/underdone - not completely cooked
Stodgy – heavy and hard to digest
Done to a turn – just perfect, not overdone
More-ish – you want to eat more
Boil - to cook something in boiling water
Fry - to cook something in hot fat or oil
Bake - to cook something using dry heat, in an oven
Roast - to cook something, such as meat, in an oven or over a fire
Grill - cook by putting on a flat metal frame with bars across it, above or below strong direct heat
Stir-fry - to cook small pieces of food quickly by moving them around continuously in very hot oil
Barbecue – cook over hot coals, usually outdoors
Season – add herbs/spices/pepper
Starter – light snack/appetizer
Main course – the most important/substantial part of the meal
Radish - a small vegetable whose red or white root is eaten raw and has a strong spicy taste
Shallot - a vegetable like a small onion
Turnip - a large round pale yellow vegetable that grows under the ground (rzepa)
Casserole - food that is cooked slowly in liquid in a covered dish in the oven
Stew - a hot meal made by cooking meat and vegetables slowly in liquid for a long time
Fudge - a soft creamy brown sweet food
Sole - a flat fish that is often used for food (sola)

Unit 49 “The environment”
Current - a continuous movement of water in a river, lake, or sea
Landscape - an area of countryside or land of a particular type
Barren plains – flat land where little grows
Ice field - a large area of land covered ice
Active volcanoes – volcanoes which are still active
Thermal - thermal water is heated naturally under the earth
Geyser – warm water that fountains out of the ground
Crop – food that is grown
Economy - the system by which a country's money and goods are produced and used
Population - the number of people living in a particular area, country etc
Capital - an important city where the main government of a country, state etc is
Coast - the area where the land meets the sea
Shore - the land along the edge of a large area of water such as an ocean or lake
Beach - an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea or a lake
Cliff - a large area of rock or a mountain with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or a river
Cape - a large piece of land surrounded on three sides by water
Peninsula - a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a large area of land
Cove - part of the coast where the land curves round so that the sea is partly surrounded by land
Bay - a part of the sea that is partly enclosed by a curve in the land
Gulf - a large area of sea partly enclosed by land
Source - the place where a stream or river starts
Tributary - a stream or river that flows into a larger river
Waterfall - a place where water from a river or stream falls down over a cliff or rock
Mouth - the part of a river where it joins the sea
Valley - an area of lower land between two lines of hills or mountains, usually with a river flowing through it
Gorge - a deep narrow valley with steep sides
Delta - an area of low land where a river spreads into many smaller rivers near the sea
Brook - a small stream
Stream - natural flow of water that moves across the land and is narrower than a river
Estuary - the wide part of a river where it goes into the sea
Foot - the lowest or bottom part of something
Ridge - a long area of high land, especially at the top of a mountain
Peak - the sharply pointed top of a mountain
Summit - the top of a mountain
Glacier - a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley
Polluted - dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use

Unit 50 “Towns”
Fiendish - extremely difficult or complicated
Besiege - to surround a city or castle with military force until the people inside let you take control
Bottle bank - a container in the street that you put empty bottles into, so that the glass can be used again
Picturesque - pretty and interesting in an old-fashioned way
Spacious - large and has plenty of space to move around
Elegant - beautiful, attractive, or graceful
Magnificent - very good or beautiful, and very impressive
Atmospheric - giving you a particular feeling, especially a pleasant or mysterious one
Quaint - unusual and attractive, especially in an old-fashioned way
Lively - exciting because a lot of things are happening
Hectic - very busy or full of activity
Deserted - empty and quiet because no people are there
Busting - very busy
Crowded - too full of people or things
Packed - extremely full of people
Filthy - very dirty
Run-down - in very bad condition
Shabby - untidy and in bad condition because they have been used for a long time

Agnieszka_sk · Wysłany: Wto 18:54, 13 Mar 2007 Temat postu:

Ja też coś dla was mam, mam nadzieję, że się przyda Smile

)
The natural world

A. Animals
wing- one of the parts of a bird's or insect's body that it uses for flying- skrzydło

beak- the hard pointed mouth of a bird- dziob

breast- the front part of a bird's body, below its neck- korpus (chyba tak to się zwie)

nest- a place made or chosen by a bird to lay its eggs in and to live in

tail- the part that sticks out at the back of an animal's body, and that it can

move- ogon

scale- one of the small flat pieces of skin that cover the bodies of fish, snakes etc- łuska

gill- one of the organs on the sides of a fish through which it breathes- skrzele

whiskers- long stiff hairs that grow near the mouth of a cat, mouse etc- wąsy

claw- a sharp curved nail on an animal, bird, or some insects- pazur

paw- an animal's foot that has nails or claws- łapa

mane- the long hair on the back of a horse's neck, or around the face and neck of a lion- grzywa

hoof- the hard foot of an animal such as a horse, cow etc- kopyto

B. Flowers and trees

bud- a young tightly rolled up flower or leaf before it opens- pąk

petal- one of the coloured parts of a flower that are shaped like leaves-
płatek

pollen- a fine powder produced by flowers, which is carried by the wind or by insects to other flowers of the same type, making them produce seeds- pyłek kwiatowy

thorn- a sharp point that grows on the stem of a plant such as a rose- kolec, cierń

stalk- a long narrow part of a plant that supports leaves, fruits, or flowers- łodyga

leaf- one of the flat green parts of a plant that are joined to its stem or

branches- liść (l. mn. leaves)

twig- a small very thin stem of wood that grows from a branch on a tree- gałązka

bough- a main branch on a tree- konar

trunk- the thick central woody stem of a tree- pień

branch- a part of a tree that grows out from the trunk (=main stem) and that has leaves, fruit, or smaller branches growing from it- gałąź

bark- the outer covering of a tree- kora

C. Specific animals

frog- a small green animal that lives near water and has long legs for jumping- żaba

bee- a black and yellow flying insect that makes honey and can sting you- pszczoła

seagull- a large common grey or white bird that lives near the sea- mewa

parrot- a tropical bird with a curved beak and brightly coloured feathers that can be taught to copy human speech- papuga

shark- a large sea fish with several rows of very sharp teeth that is
considered to be dangerous to humans- rekin

bat- a small animal like a mouse with wings that flies around at nigh- nietoperz

worm- a long thin creature with no bones and no legs that lives in soil- robal

snail- a small soft creature that moves very slowly and has a hard shell on its back- ślimak

crab- a sea animal with a hard shell, five legs on each side, and two large
claws- krab

pigeon- a grey bird with short legs that is common in cities- gołąb

peacock- a large bird, the male of which has long blue and green tail feathers that it can lift up and spread out- paw

dolphin- a very intelligent sea animal like a fish with a long grey pointed nose- delfin

eagle- a very large strong bird with a beak like a hook that eats small animals, birds etc- orzeł

seal- a large sea animal that eats fish and lives around coasts- foka

hedgehog- a small brown European animal whose body is round and covered with sharp needle-like spines- jeż

D. names of trees

oak- a large tree that is common in northern countries, or the hard wood of this tree- dąb

willow- a type of tree that has long thin branches and grows near water, or the wood from this tree- wierzba

chestnut- the tree on which this nut grows- kasztan

fir- a tree with leaves shaped like needles that do not fall off in winter- jodła

pine- a tall tree with long hard sharp leaves that do not fall off in winter- sosna

E.

flower/blossom-to produce flowers- kwitnąć

to pick-to remove a flower, fruit, nut etc from a plant or tree- zbierać

plant- to put plants or seeds in the ground to grow- zasiać
fertilise- użyźniać

harvest- to gather crops from the fields- zbierać plony
Z ćwiczeń

mammal- a type of animal that drinks milk from its mother's body when it is young- ssak

deciduous- deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter

evergreen- an evergreen tree or bush does not lose its leaves in winter

hibernate- if an animal hibernates, it sleeps for the whole winter

daisy- a white flower with a yellow centre- stokrotka

extinct- an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist any more- wymarły

species- a group of animals or plants whose members are similar and can breed together to produce young animals or plants- gatunek

limp- to walk slowly and with difficulty because one leg is hurt or injured- utykać

to prick- ukłuć

crops- a plant such as wheat, rice, or fruit that is grown by farmers and used as food- ziemiopłody, plony

chimpanzee- an intelligent African animal that is like a large monkey without a tail- szympans

ape- an animal that is similar to a monkey but has no tail or only a very short tail- małpa człekokształtna

cuddly- a person or animal that is cuddly makes you want to cuddle them- milutki

Agnieszka_sk · Wysłany: Wto 19:31, 13 Mar 2007 Temat postu:

i następna partia:

52. Clothes
A.
dressing- gown- a piece of clothing like a long loose coat that you wear inside the house, usually over night clothes- szlafrok

cuff- the end of a sleeve- mankiet

belt- a band of leather, cloth etc that you wear around your waist to hold up your clothes or for decoration- pasek

coat- a piece of clothing with long sleeves that is worn over your clothes to protect them or to keep you warm- płaszcz

button- a small round flat object on your shirt, coat etc which you pass through a hole to fasten it- guzik

buckle- a piece of metal used for fastening the two ends of a belt, for fastening a shoe, bag etc, or for decoration- sprzączka

hem- he edge of a piece of cloth that is turned under and stitched down, especially the lower edge of a skirt, trousers etc- zakładka

mittens- a type of glove that does not have separate parts for each finger- rękawiczki z jednym palcem

braces- two long pieces of material that stretch over someone's shoulders and fasten to their trousers at the front and the back to stop them falling down- szelki

collar- the part of a shirt, coat etc that fits around your neck, and is usually folded over- kołnież

zip- two lines of small metal or plastic pieces that slide together to fasten a piece of clothing- zamek błyskawiczny

cardigan- a sweater similar to a short coat, fastened at the front with buttons or a zip- rozpinany sweter

sleeve- the part of a piece of clothing that covers all or part of your arm- rękaw

sippers- a light soft shoe that you wear at home- kapcie

lace- a string that is pulled through special holes in shoes or clothing to pull the edges together and fasten them- sznurowka

heel- the raised part on the bottom of a shoe that makes the shoe higher at the back- obcas

sole- flat bottom part of a shoe, not including the heel- podeszwa

B.
try on- to put on a piece of clothing to see if it fits you or if it suits you, especially in a shop- przymierzyć

dress up- przebierać się

let out- to make a piece of clothing wider or looser, especially because it is too tight- poszerzyć

let down- przedłużyć

take in- zwęzić

take up- skrocić

suit- pasować

C.
baggy- baggy clothes are big and do not fit tightly on your body- luźne

loose- loose clothes are big and do not fit your body tightly- luźne

tight- tight clothes fit your body very closely, especially in a way that is uncomfortable- obcisłe

close-fitting- close-fitting clothes are tight and show the shape of your body- dopasowane

long-sleeved- z długimi rękawami

sleeveless- without sleeves- bez rękawow

V-neck- an opening for the neck in a piece of clothing, shaped like the letter V- wycięte w serek

round-neck- wycięte na okrągło

pleated- a pleated skirt, dress etc has a lot of flat narrow folds- pofałdowany

scruffy- dirty and untidy- niechlujny

chic- very fashionable and expensive, and showing good judgement of what is attractive and good style- szykownie, snobistycznie

trendy- influenced by the most fashionable styles and ideas- modnie

messy- dirty or untidy- niechlujnie

old-fashioned- not considered to be modern or fashionable any more- staromodnie

fashionable- popular, especially for a short period of time

well-dressed- wearing attractive fashionable clothes- dobrze ubrany

badly-dressed- źle ubrany

D.
silk- a thin smooth soft cloth made from very thin thread which is produced by a silkworm- jedwab

cotton- cloth or thread made from the white hair of the cotton plant- bawełna

velvet- a type of expensive cloth with a soft surface on one side- aksamit

denim- a type of strong cotton cloth used especially to make jeans- ciemny dżins

suede- soft leather with a slightly rough surface- zamsz

leather- animal skin that has been treated to preserve it, and is used for making shoes, bags etc- skra

nylon- a strong artificial material that is used to make plastics, clothes, rope

polyester- an artificial material used to make cloth

lycra- a material that stretches, used especially for making sports clothes that fit tightly

wool- the soft thick hair that sheep and some goats have on their body

wollen- made of wool

E.
pin-striped- w małe paseczki

spotted- having small round marks of a different colour on the surface- w plamki

striped- having lines or bands of colour- w paski

checked- checked cloth has a regular pattern of differently coloured squares- w krateczkę

flowery- decorated with a pattern of flowers- kwieciście

tartan- a traditional Scottish pattern of coloured squares and crossed lines, or cloth, especially wool cloth, with this pattern- szkocka krata

Jeśli ktoś ma moze angielskie definicje tych słwek do ktrych ja ich nie mogłam znaleźć to niech napisze jeśli może, bo moj słownik ich nie posiada hehe

Agnieszka_sk · Wysłany: Wto 20:04, 13 Mar 2007 Temat postu:

i jeszcze jedno

53. Health and medicine

A.
rash- a lot of red spots on someone's skin, caused by an illness- wysypka

bruise- a purple or brown mark on your skin that you get because you have fallen, been hit etc- siniak

lump- a small hard swollen area that sticks out from someone's skin or grows in their body, usually because of an illness- wybrzuszenie

spots- small round red areas on someone's skin that shows that they are ill- wypryski

a black eye- if you have a black eye, you have a dark area around your eye because you have been hit- podbite oko

cold- a common illness that makes it difficult to breathe through your nose and often makes your throat hurt- przeziębienie

a cough- medical condition that makes you cough a lot- kaszel

sore throat- a part of your body that is sore is painful, because of infection or because you have used a muscle too much- bolące gardło (niezbyt ta definicja, ale innej nie mogłam znaleźć, a wolę sama nie wymyślać , bo to mi jeszcze na dobre nigdy nie wyszło hehe)

stomach ache- bol brzucha

earache- bol uszu

indigestion- pain that you get when your stomach cannot break down food that you have eaten- niestrawność

sickness- the feeling that you are about to bring up food from your stomach, or the act of bringing food up- mdłości

diarrhoea- an illness in which waste from the bowels is watery and comes out often- biegunka

sunburn- red and painful skin that you can get from spending too much time in the sun- poparzenie słoneczne

joint- a part of your body that can bend because two bones meet there- staw

blister- a swelling on your skin containing clear liquid, caused for example by a burn or continuous rubbing- obtarcie

breathless- having difficulty breathing, especially because you are very tired, excited, or frightened- bez tchu

shivery- trembling or shaking because of cold, fear, or illness- dreszcze

itch- if part of your body or your clothes itch, you have an unpleasant feeling on your skin that makes you want to rub it with your nails- świąd

B.
to examine- if a doctor examines you, they look at your body to check that you are healthy- badać

blood pressure- ciśnienie krwii

C.
flu- a common illness that makes you feel very tired and weak, gives you a sore throat, and makes you cough and have to clear your nose a lot- angina

chickenpox- an infectious illness which causes a slight fever and spots on your skin- ospa wietrzna

mumps- an infectious illness which makes your neck swell and become painful- świnka

pneumonia- a serious illness that affects your lungs and makes it difficult for you to breathe- zapalenie płuc

rheumatism- a disease that makes your joints or muscles painful and stiff

ulcer- a sore area on your skin or inside your body that may bleed or produce poisonous substances- wrzod

virus- a very small living thing that causes infectious illnesses

bug- torbiel- an illness that people catch very easily from each other but is not very serious

wrist- the part of your body where your hand joins your arm- nadgarstek

sprain- to damage a joint in your body by suddenly twisting it- skręcić

dislocate- to move a bone out of its normal position in a joint, usually in an accident- zwichnąć

cancer- a very serious disease in which cells in one part of the body start to grow in a way that is not normal-rak

haemorrhage- a serious medical condition in which a person bleeds a lot, sometimes inside their body- wylew

D.
injection- an act of putting a drug into someone's body using a special needle- zastrzyk

surgeon- a doctor who does operations in a hospital- chirurg

E.
health insurance- ubezpieczenie na życie
insurance- an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money, especially regularly, and they pay the costs if something bad happens, for example if you become ill or your car is damaged

z ćwiczeń

swollen- a part of your body that is swollen is bigger than usual, especially because you are ill or injured- opuchnięty

gland- an organ of the body which produces a substance that the body needs- gruczoł

abdomen- the part of your body between your chest and legs which contains your stomach- brzuch, podbrzusze

faint- feeling weak and as if you are about to become unconscious because you are very ill, tired, or hungry

treatment- something that is done to cure someone who is injured or ill- leczenie

Agnieszka_sk · Wysłany: Wto 21:01, 13 Mar 2007 Temat postu:

no i ostatnie już
54. Travel

A.
estate car- a car with a door at the back, folding back seats, and a lot of space at the back- samochod kombi

coach- a bus with comfortable seats used for long journeys- autokar

tram- a vehicle for passengers, which travels along metal tracks in the street- tramwaj

lorry- a large vehicle for carrying heavy goods- samochod ciężarowy

passenger train- pociąg osobowy

freight train- a train that carries goods- pociąg towarowy

express- a train or bus that does not stop in many places and therefore travels quickly

fishing-/rowing-boat- a small boat that you move through the water withoars (=long poles that are flat at the end)- łodź wiosłowa

liner- a large ship for passengers- liniowiec

ferry- a boat that carries people or goods across a river or a narrow area of water- prom

yacht- a large boat with a sail, used for pleasure or sport, especially one that has a place where you can sleep

jet- a fast plane with a jet engine

aeroplane- a flying vehicle with wings and at least one engine

helicopter- a type of aircraft with large metal blades on top which turn around very quickly to make it fly

supersonic-faster than the speed of sound- ponaddźwiękowy

aircraft- a plane or other vehicle that can fly

boot- bagażnik- an enclosed space at the back of a car, used for carrying bags etc

engine- the part of a vehicle that produces power to make it move- silnik

gear- the machinery in a vehicle such as a car, truck, or bicycle that you use to go comfortably at different speeds- bieg

steering-wheel- a wheel that you turn to control the direction of a car- kierownica

brake- a piece of equipment that makes a vehicle go more slowly or stop- hamulec

tyre- a thick rubber ring that fits around the wheel of a car, bicycle etc- opona

sleeping-car- a railway carriage with beds for passengers to sleep in- wagon sypialny

restaurant-car- a carriage on a train where meals are served- wagon restauracyjny

compartment- one of the separate areas into which a plane, ship, or train is divided- przedział

engine- room- ??

deck- the outside top level of a ship that you can walk or sit on- pokład

gangplank- a board for walking on between a boat and the shore, or between two boats- kładka, pomost

cockpit- the area in a plane, small boat, or racing car where the pilot or driver sits- kabina pilota

nose- the pointed front end of a plane- dziob

tail- the back part of an aircraft- ogon

aisle- a long passage between rows of seats in a church, plane, theatre etc, or between rows of shelves in a shop- przejście

joystick- an upright handle that you use to control something such as an aircraft- drążek sterowy

chauffeur- omeone whose job is to drive a car for someone else- szofer

engine-driver- ??

ticket collector- someone whose job is to collect tickets

guard- a person whose job is to be in charge of a train

porter- someone whose job is to look after the part of a train where people sleep- konduktor

purser- an officer on a ship who is responsible for money and the passengers' rooms, comfort etc- kasjer

docker-someone whose job is loading and unloading ships – robotnik portowy

ground staff- the group of people who work at an airport looking after the aircraft- obsługa naziemna

cabin crew- the group of people whose job is to take care of the passengers on a plane

buoy- an object that floats on the sea, a lake etc to mark a safe or dangerous area- boja

B.
cabin- a small room on a ship in which you live or sleep- kajuta

bunk- a narrow bed that is attached to the wall, for example on a train or ship

galley- kitchen on a ship

startboard- ??

crew- załoga

C.
trip- a visit to a place that involves a journey, for pleasure or a particular purpose

journey- a time spent travelling from one place to another, especially over a long distance

D.
voyage- a long journey in a ship or spacecraft

delayed flight- opoźniony lot

wreck- car, plane, or train that has been damaged very badly, especially in a crash

maroon- to be left in a place where there are no other people and where you cannot escape

swerve- to make a sudden sideways movement while moving forwards, usually in order to avoid hitting something

Z ćwiczeń
bonnet- the metal lid over the front of a car- maska samochodu

deck-chair- a folding chair with a long seat made of cloth, used especially on the beach- leżak

mast- a tall pole on which the sails or flags on a ship are hung- maszt

petrol pump- a machine for forcing liquid or gas into or out of something

anchor- a piece of heavy metal that is lowered to the bottom of the sea, lake etc to prevent a ship or boat moving- kotwica

glider- a light plane that flies without an engine- szybowiec

oar- a long pole with a wide flat blade at one end, used for rowing a boat- wiosła

rudder- a flat part at the back of a ship or aircraft that can be turned in order to control the direction in which it moves- ster

check-in desk- punkt odprawy

control tower- wieza kontrolna
canoe- a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and which you move along using a paddle

dual carriageway- droga dwupasmowa

mam prośbę gdyby miał ktoś te słowka ktore mi brakują, lub do ktorych nie mam definicji to niech napisze oki no to milej nauki, mam nadzieję, że dobrze przetłumaczyłam...

Gość

Cześć dziewczyny!
Na razie dwa unity, sprobuję się zmusić do napisania pracy z writingu, w sumie probuje to zrobic od dobrych kilku dni, ale przed te dni jakoś ciągle udawało mi się znależć wymówkę. Ciekawe co za chwilę wymyśle... Pewnie, ze czas iść spać Wink

Przy niektórych słowach nie podawałam definicji, bo uznałam, ze to nie ma sensu.
Unit 55 “Holidays”
A
Camp-site – a place where you can pitch a tent or park a caravan – kemping
Pitch - to set up a tent for a short time – rozbić (namiot)
Tent - a shelter consisting of a sheet of cloth supported by poles and ropes, used especially for camping – namiot
Caravan - a vehicle that a car can pull and in which people can live and sleep when they are on holiday – przyczepa kempingowa
Self-catering flat – a flat which you rent, you cook for yourself
Guesthouse – accomodation like a hotel but cheaper and with fewer services – pensjonat
Youth hostel – cheap accomodation, especially for young people, with a lot of people sleeping in one room – schronisko młodzieżowe
Bunk bed - one of two beds that are attached together, one on top of the other – łóżko piętrowe
Holiday camp – a place providing accomodation in little chalets or flats with a lot of facilities and entertaiment
Chalet - a small house, especially in a holiday camp – domek kempingowy
Time-share apartment – accomodation of which you share ownership with a number of people
Package holiday – a holiday in which you pay for travel, accomodation and food in advance
Excursion - a short journey arranged so that a group of people can visit a place, especially while they are on holiday – wycieczka
Cruise – a holiday spent touring on a boat, stopping off to go sight-seeing at diffrent ports – rejs
B
Breath-taking – so magnificent that it takes your breath away – zapierający dech
Exclusive - available or belonging only to particular people – ekskluzywny
Exhilarating – makes you feel excited and full of energy
Exotic – unusual and much more exciting than one’s everyday reality – egzotyczny
Glamorous – especially exciting and attractive – uroczy, czarujący
Intoxicating – makes you feel excited and emotional – upojny
Fragrance - a pleasant smell – zapach, aromat
Legendary – so special that it has been famous for some time – legendarny
Luxurious – provides great comfort – luksusowy
Mighty – large and powerful – potężny
Picturesque – as pretty as a picture – malowniczy
Sublime - used to describe feelings or behaviour that are very great or extreme – podniosły
Unsurpassed - better or greater than anyone or anything else – niezrównany
Unspoilt – still in beautiful and natural state
Ćwiczenia
Exhilaration - a feeling of being happy, excited, and full of energy – podekscytowanie, rozradowanie
Exhilarate - to make someone feel very excited and happy – rozradować, rozweselić
Glamour - the attractive and exciting quality of being connected with wealth and success - splendor
Glamorise - to make something seem more attractive than it really is - gloryfikować
Intoxication – state of being happy and excited – upojenie, oszołomienie
Intoxicate –il something intoxicates you, it makes you feel happy and excited - upajać, oszałamiać
Legend - an old, well-known story, often about brave people, adventures, or magical events – legenda
Luxury - very great comfort and pleasure, such as you get from expensive food, beautiful houses, cars etc – luksus
Luxuriate - to relax and enjoy something – rozkoszować się

Unit 56 “Numbers and shapes”
A
Per cent – procent
Decimal fraction – ułamek dziesiętny
Squared – do kwadratu
Cubed – do sześcianu
To the power of four – do potęgi czwartej
B
Triangle - a flat shape with three straight sides and three angles – trójkąt
Circle - a completely round shape, like the letter O – koło
Square - a shape with four straight equal sides with right angles at the corners – kwadrat
Pentagon - a flat shape with five sides and five angles – pięciokąt
Octagon - a flat shape with eight sides and eight angles – ośmiokąt
Rectangle - a shape that has four straight sides, two of which are usually longer than the other two, and four right angles at the corners – prostokąt
Oval - a shape like a circle, but wider in one direction than the other – oval
Right angle – angle which had 90 degrees – kąt prosty
Diameter – a straight line from one side of a circle to the other side, passing through the centre of the circle – średnica
Semi-circle – half of the circle – półkole
Radius - the distance from the centre to the edge of a circle – promień
Circumference - the distance or measurement around the outside of a circle or any round shape – obwód, okrąg
C
Sphere - a ball shape – kula
Cube - a shape with six equal square sides – sześcian
Pyramid - an object shaped like a pyramid – piramida, ostrosłup
Spiral - a line in the form of a curve that winds around a central point, moving further away from the centre all the time – spirala
Hemisphere – half of the sphere – półkula
D
Addition – dodawanie
Substraction – odejmowanie
Multiplication – mnożenie
Division – dzielenie
Divide – dzielić
Times/multiplied by – razy (w mnożeniu)
Ćwiczenia
Odd number - a number that cannot be divided exactly by two – liczba nieparzysta
Even number - a number that can be divided exactly by two – liczba parzysta
Prime number - a number that can be divided only by itself and the number one – liczba pierwsza
Vulgar fraction – ułamek zwykły
Formula - a series of numbers or letters that represent a mathematical or scientific rule – wzór (matematyczny lub naukowy)

Patrycja

Hej! Oto unity 59-60. Sorry, że tak późno, bo miały być wczoraj Smile

UNIT 59

Mass media (pl)- sources of information and news such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television, that reach and influence large numbers of people

Publishing (n)- the profession or business of preparing and printing books, magazines, CD-ROMs, etc. and selling or making them available to the public (wydawanie, publikowanie)

Documentary (n)- a film or a radio or television programme giving facts about sth (film dokumentalny)

News (n)- 1. reports of recent events that appear in newspapers or on television or radio: national/international news; a news story/item/report: News of a serious road accident is just coming in; breaking news(=news that is arriving about events that have just happened; 2. the news- a regular television or radio broadcast of the latest news: to listen to/ watch the news; ‘Can you put the news on?’; ‘I saw it on the news’; ‘the nine o’clock news’ (program informacyjny)

Broadcast (n)- a radio or television programme: a party political broadcast (=e.g. before an election; ‘We watched a live broadcast of the speech’ (=one shown at the same time as the speech was made) (transmisja)

Current affairs programmes- programmes which refer to events of political or social importance that are happening now (programy o sprawach bieżących)

Soap opera- continuing story about the lives and problems of a set of characters (opera mydlana)

Quiz- a competition or game in which people try to answer questions to test their knowledge: a general knowledge quiz; a television quiz show (teleturniej)

Sitcom (situation comedy)- a regular programme on television that shows the same characters in different amusing situations

Drama- a play for the theatre, television or radio: a costume/historical, etc. drama (dramat, teatr)

Chat show (talk show)- a television or radio programme in which famous people are asked questions and talked in an informal way about their work and opinions on various topics

Detective story- a story about a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to examine crimes and catch criminals (historia/opowieść kryminalna)

Weather forecast- a description, e.g. on the radio or television, of what the weather will be like tomorrow or for the next two days (prognoza pogody)

Game show- a television programme in which people play games or answer questions to win prizes (teleturniej)

Variety show- a form of theatre or television entertainment that consists of a series of short performances, such as singing, dancing and funny acts: a variety show/theatre (pokaz rewiowy)

Commercial (advert, ad) (n)- an advertisement on the radio or on television (reklama)

Serial (n)- a story on television or the radio, or in a magazine, that is broadcast or published in several separate parts

Programme (n)- something that people watch on television or listen to on the radio: a news programme; Did you see that programme on India last night?

Episode- one part of a story that is broadcast on television or radio in several parts (odcinek)

Series (n, pl)- a set of radio or television programmes that deal with the same subject or that have the same characters (seria, cykl)

Character- a person or an animal in a book, play, or film/movie: a major/minor character in the book; cartoon characters (postać, bohater)

Sub-title (n, usually pl.)- words that translate what is said in a film/movie into a different language and appear on the screen at the bottom. Subtitles are also used, especially on television, too help deaf people (=people who cannot hear well) (napisy)

Dub (v)- 1. to give sb/sth a particular name, often in a humorous or critical way: The Belgian actor Jean Claude Van Damme has been dubbed ‘Muscles from Brussels’ 2. ~ sth (into sth) to replace the original speech in a film/movie or television programme with words in another language: an American movie dubbed into Italian (1. nazywać 2. dubbingować)

Aerial (n)- (also antenna) a piece of equipment made of wire or long straight pieces of metal for receiving or sending radio and television signals (antenna)

Satellite dish- a piece of equipment that receives signals from a satellite, used to enable people to watch satellite television

Camcorder- a video camera that records pictures and sound and that can be carried around (kamera video)

Headset- a pair of headphones, especially one with a microphone attached to it (słuchawki z mikrofonem)

Headphones (pl. also earphones)- a piece of equipment worn over or in the ears that makes it possible to listen to music, the radio etc. without other people hearing it (słuchawki)

Headline (n)- 1. the title of a newspaper article printed in large letters, especially at the top of the front page: They ran the story under the headline ‘Home at last!’; The scandal was in the headlines for several days 2. the headlines (pl.) a short summary of the most important items of news, read at the beginning of a news programme on the radio or television IDM: grab/hit/make the headlines to be an important item of news in newspapers or on the radio or television (1. nagłówek 2. skrót najważniejszych wiadomości)

Editorial (n. also leader, leading article) an important article in a newspaper, that expresses the editor’s opinion about an item of news or an issue; in the US also a comment on radio or television that expresses the opinion of the station or network (artykuł wstępny)

Feature- (n. in newspapers, on television) a special article or programme about sb/sth: a special feature on education (specjalny program w radio lub TV)

Horoscope- a description of what is going to happen to sb in the future, based on the position of the stars and the planets when the person was born

Cartoon- 1. an amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine, especially one about politics or events in the news 2. (also animated cartoon) a film/movie made by photographing a series of gradually changing drawings or models, so that they look as if they are moving: a Walt Disney cartoon; a cartoon character (film rysunkowy, kreskówka)

Crossword- (also crossword puzzle) a game in which you have to fit words across and downwards into spaces with numbers in a square diagram. You find the words by solving clues: do a/the crossword (krzyżówka)

Small ads (n. pl.)- (also classified advertisements; classified ads; classifieds; NAmE want ads), the section in a newspaper with small advertisements arranged in groups according to their subject, that are placed by people or small companies who want to buy or sell something, find or offer a job, etc. (drobne ogłoszenia)

Scandal (n. U)- talk or reports about the shocking or immoral things that have done or are thought to have done: to spread scandal; newspapers full of scandal

Letters page- the page in a newspaper, magazine, etc. where the letters from readers are published

Tabloid (n)- 1. a newspaper with small pages (usually half the size of those in larger papers) 2. a newspaper of this size with short articles and a lot of pictures and stories about famous people, often thought of as less serious than other newspapers

Quality newspaper- a newspaper that is intended for people who are intelligent and educated

Journal- a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or profession: a scientific/ trade journal; the British Medical Journal 2. used in the title of some newspapers: the Wall Street Journal

Colour supplement- a magazine printed in colour and forming an extra part of a newspaper, particularly on Saturdays or Sundays (kolorowy dodatek)

Comic- a magazine, usually for children or teenagers, with lots of picture stories and/or cartoons (magazyn komiksowy)

Broadcast (v)- to send out programmes on television or radio: The concert will be broadcast live (=at the same time as it takes place) tomorrow evening; They began broadcasting in 1922. (nadawać)

Receive- to change broadcast signals into sounds or pictures on a television, radio, etc.: to receive programmes via satellite (odbierać)

Pick up- to receive an electronic signal, sound or picture: We were able to pick up the BBC World Service (odbierać)

Show- to be or make sth available for the public to see: The movie is now showing at all major movie theatres; The movie is being shown now; She plans to show her paintings early next year. (pokazywać)

Publish- 1. to produce a book, magazine, CD-ROM, etc. and sell it to the public 2. to print a letter, an article, etc. in a newspaper or magazine 3. to make sth available to the public on the Internet 4. (of an author) to have your work printed and sold to the public (wydawać, publikować)

Print- 1. to produce books, newspapers, etc. by printing them in large quantities 2. to publish sth in printed form (drukować, publikować)

Shoot- to make a film/movie or photograph of sth: Cameras ready? OK, shoot!; Where was the movie shot?; The movie was shot in black and white. (kręcić film)

Location- a place outside a film studio where scenes of a film/movie are made: A mountain in the Rockies became the location for a film about Everest; The movie was shot entirely on location in Italy. (lokalizacja, umiejscowienie)

Cut- 1.to prepare a film/movie or tape by removing parts of it or putting them in a different order 2. to stop filming or recording: The editor shouted ‘Cut!’; 3. ~ (from sth) to sth- to move quickly from one scene to another: The scene cuts from the bedroom to the street. (1. wyciąć scene 2. cięcie 3. przemieszczać)

Censor (v)- to remove the parts of a book, film/movie, etc. that are considered to be offensive, immoral or a political threat: The news reports had been heavily censored. (cenzurować)

Edit- 1. to prepare a piece of writing, a book, etc. to be published by correcting the mistakes, making improvements to it, etc. 2. to prepare a book to be published by collecting together and arranging pieces of writing by one or more authors 3. (computing) to make changes to text or data on screen 4. when sb edits a film/movie, television programme, etc. they take what has been filmed or recorded and decide which parts to include and in which order 5. to be responsible for planning and publishing a newspaper, magazine, etc. (=to be the editor): She used to edit women’s magazine. (redagować, przygotować do publikacji)

Make-up artist- a person whose job is to put make-up on the faces of actors and models (wizażysta)

Foreign correspondent- one who reports on foreign countries in newspapers or on television (zagraniczny korespondent)

Sub-editor- (also sub)- a person whose job is to check and make changes to the text of a newspaper or magazine before it is printed (zastępca redaktora naczelnego)

Publisher- a person or company that prepares and prints books, magazines, newspapers or electronic products and makes them available to the public (wydawca)

Continuity person- a person who is responsible for the organization of a film/movie or television programme, especially making sure that people’s clothes, objects, etc. are the same from one scene to the next (inspicjentka)

Columnist- a journalist who writes regular articles for a newspaper or magazine (felietonista)

Camera operator (cameraman, camerawomen)- a person whose job is operating a camera for making films/movies or television programmes (operator)

Critic- a person who expresses opinions about the god and bad qualities of books, music, etc.: a music/theatre/literary, etc. critic (krytyk, recenzent)

Video cassette (video, video tape)- a type of magnetic tape used for recording television pictures and sound (kaseta video)

Remote control (remote, zapper)- a device that allows you to operate a television, etc. from a distance (pilot)

Striking (adj.)- interesting and unusual enough to attract attention SYN: marked: a striking feature; In striking contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and charming. 2. very attractive, often in an unusual way SYN: stunning: striking good looks (uderzający, niesamowity)

UNIT 60

Republic- a country that is governed by a president and politicians elected by the people and where there is no king or queen (republika)

Monarchy- a state ruled by a king or queen (e.g. UK, Sweden) (monrchia)

Federation- a union of political units (e.g. provinces) under a central government (e.g. USA) (federacja)

Democracy- government of, by and for the people (demokracja)

Dictatorship- system of government run by a dictator (dyktatura)

Independence- freedom from outside control; self-governing (niepodległość)

President- the leader of a republic, especially the US (prezydent)

Legislature- a group of people who have the power to make and change laws: a democratically elected legislature; the national/state legislature (władza ustawodawcza)

Branch- a part of a government or other large organization that deals with one particular aspect of its work (branża, gałąź)

Term- a period of time for which sth lasts; a fix or limited time: during the president’s first term of/in office (kadencja)

Election- the process of choosing a person or a group of people for a position, especially a political position, by voting: election campaigns, results; to win/lose an election; to fight an election; to vote in an election; In America, presidential elections are held every four years; The prime minister is about to call (=announce) an election; How many candidates are standing for election?; to run for election (wybory)

Appoint- to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility (powołać)

Nominate- 1. to formally suggest that sb should be chosen for an important role, prize, position, etc. SYN: propose 2. to choose sb to do a particular job SYN: appoint (1. wysuwać kandydaturę, 2. mianować)

Official (n)- a person who is in a position of authority in a large organization: a bank/company/court/government official (wysoki urzędnik)

Cabinet- a group of chosen members of a government, which is responsible for advising and deciding on government policy: a cabinet meeting; a cabinet minister; cabinet members; the shadow cabinet (=the most important members of the opposition party) (rząd)

Judge (n)- a person in a court who has the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions (sędzia)

Majority party- a political party that has the majority either the House of Representatives or the Senate in the US (partia, która uzyskała największą liczbę głosów w wyborach)

Congress- (in the US and some other countries) the name of the group of people who are elected to make laws, in the US consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives (Kongres; USA)

House- a group of people who meet to discuss and make the laws of the country: legislation requires approval by both houses of parliament.; lower house; upper house 2. the House: the House of Commons or the House of Lords in Britain; the House of Representatives in the US (izba; w parlamencie)

The House of Representatives- the largest part of Congress in the US, or of the Parliament in Australia, whose members are elected by the people of the country (Izba Reprezentantów; USA)

Senate (the Senate)- one of the two groups of elected politicians who make laws in some countries, e.g. in the US, Australia, Canada and France. The Senate is smaller than the other group but higher in rank (senat)

Congressman/Congresswoman/Congressperson- a member of Congress in the US, especially the House of Representatives (członek Kongresu)

Senator- a member of a senate (senator)

Judiciary- the judges of a country or a state, when they are considered as a group: an independent judiciary (sądownictwo)

Supreme Court (High Court)- the highest court in the country or state (Sąd Najwyższy)

Parliament- 1. the group of people who are elected to make and change the laws of a country: The German Parliament is called ‘Bundestag’. 2.the parliament of the United Kingdom, consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords: a Member of Parliament; the issue was debated in Parliament; an Act of Parliament; to win a seat in Parliament; to be elected to Parliament (parlament)

Prime Minister- the main minister and leader of the government in some countries (premier)

the House of Commons- (in Britain and Canada) the part of Parliament whose members are elected by the people of the country (Izba Gmin)

the House of Lords- (in Britain) the part of Parliament whose members are elected by the people of the country (Izba Lordów)

select- to choose sb/sth from a group of people or things, usually according to a system: She was selected as the parliamentary candidate for Bath. (wybierać)

Head- the person in charge of a group of people or an organization: the heads of government/state; She resigned as head of department. (szef)

Chamber- one of the parts of a parliament: the Lower/Upper Chamber (=in Britain, the house of Commons/House of Lords) (izba)

Constituency- 1. a district that elects its own representative to parliament: Unemployment is high in her constituency. 2. the people who live in and vote in a particular district: constituency opinion (okręg wyborczy)

Overrule- to change a decision or reject an idea from a position of greater power SYN: override: The verdict was overruled by Supreme Court (uchylać, oddalać)

Politician- a person whose job is concerned with politics, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc. (polityk)

General election- an election in which all the people of a country vote to choose a government (wybory powszechne)

Representative (n)- a person who has been chosen to speak or vote for sb else or on behalf of a group (reprezentant)

Candidate- a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job (kandydat)

Stand (run) for/as sth- to be a candidate in an election: He stood for parliament (=tried to get elected as an MP) (kandydować)

Policy- a plan of action agreed or chosen by a political party, a business etc.: the present government’s policy on education; The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting; US foreign/domestic policy (polityka)

Polling day- a day on which people vote in an election: a week before polling day (dzień wyborów)

Polling station (polling place)- a building where people go to vote in an election (lokal wyborczy)

Cast a vote/ballot (for sb/sth)- to vote for sb/sth (oddać głos)

Ballot paper- the piece of paper on which sb marks who they are voting for (karta do głosowania)

Majority- the number of votes by which one political party wins an election (większość)

Seat (n)- an official position as a member of a parliament, council, committee, etc. (miejsce; w parlamencie)

Marginal seat- won or lost by a very small number of votes and therefore very important or interesting as an indication of public opinion: a marginal seat/constituency (marginalne miejsce)

Office- an important position of authority, especially in government; the work and duties connected with this: She held office as a cabinet minister for ten years; How many years has he been in office?(urząd)

By-election- an election of a new Member of Parliament to replace sb who has died or left parliament (ponowny wybór)

Referendum- an occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue (referendum)

Politics- the activities involved in getting and using power in public life, and being able to influence decisions that affect a country or a society: party politics; local politics; She is thinking of going into politics (=trying to become a Member of Parliament, etc.) (polityka)

MP- Member of Parliament
PM- Prime Minister
UN- United Nations
EU- European Union
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OPEC- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries